headshot of Neeraj Gandhi

Neeraj Gandhi

Professor
Graduate Program Director
Lab Website Bioengineering Department

about

BS, Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 1988 - 1992

PhD, Bioengineering, UCSF & UC Berkeley (Joint Bioengineering Program), 1992 - 1997

Ayar, E.C., Heusser, M.R., Bourrelly, C., & Gandhi, N.J. (2023). Distinct context- and content-dependent population codes in superior colliculus during sensation and action. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 120(40), e2303523120.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2303523120.

Bourrelly, C., Massot, C., & Gandhi, N.J. (2023). Rapid Input-Output Transformation between Local Field Potential and Spiking Activity during Sensation but not Action in the Superior Colliculus. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 43(22), 4047-4061.Society for Neuroscience. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2318-22.2023.

Heusser, M.R., Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2023). Drifting population dynamics with transient resets characterize sensorimotor transformation in the monkey superior colliculus. bioRxiv, 4(01-27), 2023.01.03.522634.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. doi: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522634.

Heusser, M.R., Bourrelly, C., & Gandhi, N.J. (2022). Decoding the Time Course of Spatial Information from Spiking and Local Field Potential Activities in the Superior Colliculus. ENEURO, 9(6), eneuro.0347-eneu22.2022.Society for Neuroscience. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0347-22.2022.

Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2022). Population temporal structure supplements the rate code during sensorimotor transformations. CURRENT BIOLOGY, 32(5), 1010-+.Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.015.

Smalianchuk, I., & Gandhi, N.J. (2022). Ventral premotor cortex encodes task relevant features during eye and head movements. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 12(1), 22093.Springer Nature. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26479-2.

Massot, C., Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2019). Sensorimotor transformation elicits systematic patterns of activity along the dorsoventral extent of the superior colliculus in the macaque monkey. COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY, 2(1), 287.Springer Nature. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0527-y.

Smalianchuk, I., Jagadisan, U., & Gandhi, N.J. (2018). Instantaneous midbrain control of saccade kinematics. In bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/305003.

Smalianchuk, I., Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2018). Instantaneous Midbrain Control of Saccade Velocity. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 38(47), 10156-10167.Society for Neuroscience. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0962-18.2018.

Goffart, L., Cecala, A.L., & Gandhi, N.J. (2017). The superior colliculus and the steering of saccades toward a moving visual target. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 118(5), 2890-2901.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00506.2017.

Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2017). Removal of inhibition uncovers latent movement potential during preparation. ELIFE, 6, e29648.eLife. doi: 10.7554/eLife.29648.

Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2017). Removal of inhibition uncovers latent movement potential during preparation. In bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/138925.

Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2017). Population temporal structure supplements the rate code during sensorimotor transformations. In bioRxiv. doi: 10.1101/132514.

Jagadisan, U.K., & Gandhi, N.J. (2016). Disruption of Fixation Reveals Latent Sensorimotor Processes in the Superior Colliculus. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 36(22), 6129-6140.Society for Neuroscience. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3685-15.2016.

Cecala, A.L., Smalianchuk, I., Khanna, S.B., Smith, M.A., & Gandhi, N.J. (2015). Context cue-dependent saccadic adaptation in rhesus macaques cannot be elicited using color. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 114(1), 570-584.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00666.2014.

Katnani, H.A., & Gandhi, N.J. (2013). Time Course of Motor Preparation during Visual Search with Flexible Stimulus-Response Association. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 33(24), 10057-10065.Society for Neuroscience. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0850-13.2013.

Gandhi, N.J. (2012). Interactions between gaze-evoked blinks and gaze shifts in monkeys. EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 216(3), 321-339.Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2937-z.

Katnani, H.A., & Gandhi, N.J. (2012). The relative impact of microstimulation parameters on movement generation. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 108(2), 528-538.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00257.2012.

Katnani, H.A., Van Opstal, A.J., & Gandhi, N.J. (2012). Blink Perturbation Effects on Saccades Evoked by Microstimulation of the Superior Colliculus. In Paul, F. (Ed.). PLOS ONE, 7(12), e51843.Public Library of Science (PLoS). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051843.

Katnani, H.A., Van Opstal, A.J., & Gandhi, N.J. (2012). A test of spatial temporal decoding mechanisms in the superior colliculus. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 107(9), 2442-2452.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00992.2011.

DeStefino, V.J., Reighard, D.A., Sugiyama, Y., Suzuki, T., Cotter, L.A., Larson, M.G., Gandhi, N.J., Barman, S.M., & Yates, B.J. (2011). Responses of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla to whole body rotations: comparisons in decerebrate and conscious cats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 110(6), 1699-1707.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00180.2011.

Gandhi, N.J., & Katnani, H.A. (2011). Motor Functions of the Superior Colliculus. ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE, VOL 34, 34(1), 205-231.Annual Reviews. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113728.

Gandhi, N.J., & Katnani, H.A. (2011). Interactions of eye and eyelid movements. In The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements. Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199539789.013.0017.

Katnani, H.A., & Gandhi, N.J. (2011). Order of operations for decoding superior colliculus activity for saccade generation. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 106(3), 1250-1259.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00265.2011.

Bechara, B.P., & Gandhi, N.J. (2010). Matching the Oculomotor Drive During Head-Restrained and Head-Unrestrained Gaze Shifts in Monkey. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 104(2), 811-828.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.01114.2009.

Anderson, S.R., Porrill, J., Sklavos, S., Gandhi, N.J., Sparks, D.L., & Dean, P. (2009). Dynamics of Primate Oculomotor Plant Revealed by Effects of Abducens Microstimulation. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 101(6), 2907-2923.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.91045.2008.

Gandhi, N.J., Barton, E.J., & Sparks, D.L. (2008). Coordination of eye and head components of movements evoked by stimulation of the paramedian pontine reticular formation. EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 189(1), 35-47.Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1401-1.

Miller, D.M., Cotter, L.A., Gandhi, N.J., Schor, R.H., Cass, S.P., Huff, N.O., Raj, S.G., Shulman, J.A., & Yates, B.J. (2008). Responses of caudal vestibular nucleus neurons of conscious cats to rotations in vertical planes, before and after a bilateral vestibular neurectomy. EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 188(2), 175-186.Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1359-z.

Miller, D.M., Cotter, L.A., Gandhi, N.J., Schor, R.H., Huff, N.O., Raj, S.G., Shulman, J.A., & Yates, B.J. (2008). Responses of rostral fastigial nucleus neurons of conscious cats to rotations in vertical planes. NEUROSCIENCE, 155(1), 317-325.Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.042.

Walton, M.M.G., Bechara, B., & Gandhi, N.J. (2008). Effect of reversible inactivation of superior colliculus on head movements. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 99(5), 2479-2495.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.01112.2007.

Gandhi, N.J., & Sparks, D.L. (2007). Dissociation of eye and head components of gaze shifts by stimulation of the omnipause neuron region. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 98(1), 360-373.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00252.2007.

Walton, M.M.G., Bechara, B., & Gandhi, N.J. (2007). Role of the primate superior colliculus in the control of head movements. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 98(4), 2022-2037.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00258.2007.

Walton, M.M.G., & Gandhi, N.J. (2006). Behavioral evaluation of movement cancellation. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 96(4), 2011-2024.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.01323.2005.

Bryant, C.L., & Gandhi, N.J. (2005). Real-time data acquisition and control system for the measurement of motor and neural data. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS, 142(2), 193-200.Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.08.019.

Gandhi, N.J., & Bonadonna, D.K. (2005). Temporal interactions of air-puff-evoked blinks and saccadic eye movements: Insights into motor preparation. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 93(3), 1718-1729.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.00854.2004.

Walton, M.M.G., Sparks, D.L., & Gandhi, N.J. (2005). Simulations of saccade curvature by models that place superior colliculus upstream from the local feedback loop. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 93(4), 2354-2358.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.01199.2004.

Barton, E.J., Nelson, J.S., Gandhi, N.J., & Sparks, D.L. (2003). Effects of partial lidocaine inactivation of the paramedian pontine reticular formation on saccades of macaques. JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 90(1), 372-386.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.01041.2002.

Keller, E.L., Gandhi, N.J., & Vijay Sekaran, S. (2000). Activity in deep intermediate layer collicular neurons during interrupted saccades. Experimental Brain Research, 130(2), 227-237.Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/s002219900239.

Gandhi, N.J., & Keller, E.L. (1999). Activity of the Brain Stem Omnipause Neurons During Saccades Perturbed by Stimulation of the Primate Superior Colliculus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 82(6), 3254-3267.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3254.

Gandhi, N.J., & Keller, E.L. (1999). Comparison of Saccades Perturbed by Stimulation of the Rostral Superior Colliculus, the Caudal Superior Colliculus, and the Omnipause Neuron Region. Journal of Neurophysiology, 82(6), 3236-3253.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3236.

Anderson, R.W., Keller, E.L., Gandhi, N.J., & Das, S. (1998). Two-Dimensional Saccade-Related Population Activity in Superior Colliculus in Monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 80(2), 798-817.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.798.

Gandhi, N.J., & Keller, E.L. (1997). Spatial Distribution and Discharge Characteristics of Superior Colliculus Neurons Antidromically Activated From the Omnipause Region in Monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 78(4), 2221-2225.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.2221.

Keller, E.L., Gandhi, N.J., & Shieh, J.M. (1996). Endpoint accuracy in saccades interrupted by stimulation in the omnipause region in monkey. Visual Neuroscience, 13(6), 1059-1067.Cambridge University Press (CUP). doi: 10.1017/s0952523800007719.

Keller, E.L., Gandhi, N.J., & Weir, P.T. (1996). Discharge of superior collicular neurons during saccades made to moving targets. Journal of Neurophysiology, 76(5), 3573-3577.American Physiological Society. doi: 10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3573.

Keller, E.L., Gandhi, N.J., & Weir, P.T. (1996). The activity of superior colliculus neurons during saccades directed to smoothly moving targets. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 37(3).

Das, S., Gandhi, N.J., & Keller, E.L. (1995). Open-loop simulations of the primate saccadic system using burst cell discharge from the superior colliculus. Biological Cybernetics, 73(6), 509-518.Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/bf00199543.

Smoulder, A.L., Jagadisan, U.K., Dallal, A.H., & Gandhi, N.J. (2019). Performance evaluation of dereferencing methods for estimating information flow in laminar connectivity models*. In 2019 9th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER), 00, (pp. 267-270).Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). doi: 10.1109/ner.2019.8717048.

Miller, D.M., Cotter, L.A., Gandhi, N.J., Schor, R.H., Huff, N.O., Shulman, J.A., Raj, S.G., & Yates, B.J. (2008). Responses of cerebellar fastigial nucleus neurons to whole-body rotations in vertical planes. In FASEB JOURNAL, 22.

Sparks, D.L., & Gandhi, N.J. (2003). Single cell signals: an oculomotor perspective. In Progress in Brain Research, 142, (pp. 35-53).Elsevier.Netherlands. doi: 10.1016/s0079-6123(03)42005-0.

SPARKS, D.L., BARTON, E.J., GANDHI, N.J., & NELSON, J. (2002). Studies of the Role of the Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation in the Control of Headā€Restrained and Headā€Unrestrained Gaze Shifts. In Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 956(1), (pp. 85-98).Wiley.United States. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02811.x.

Gandhi, N.J., & Sparks, D.L. (2001). Experimental control of eye and head positions prior to head-unrestrained gaze shifts in monkey. In Vision Research, 41(25-26), (pp. 3243-3254).Elsevier.England. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00054-2.

Sparks, D.L., Freedman, E.G., Chen, L.L., & Gandhi, N.J. (2001). Cortical and subcortical contributions to coordinated eye and head movements. In Vision Research, 41(25-26), (pp. 3295-3305).Elsevier.England. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00063-3.

Research interests

eye movements
gaze shifts
head movements
neural prostheses
superior colliculus